Posts Tagged women

Shelters or No Shelters?

There has been some debate over whether shelters help solve the problem of domestic violence. After some searching, I came across the Volunteers of Ameria, Oregon (VOAOR) branch. Their Home Free program provides “long-term post-crisis support” to prevent victims from going back to an abusive household. They had an innovative approach to the problem of barriers to accessing support — they made their services mobile.

What caught my attention was a powerpoint presentation listed on the National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH) website. The NAEH’s goal is pretty self-explanatory. The VOAOR Home Free’s presentation at the 2006 NAEH conference had the following main points:

  • Home Free’s new model is not a miracle solution
  • The mobility of advocates dramatically increased the number of abuse victims they could serve
  • Motel vouchers worked in addition to or instead of “shelters”
  • “The cost of 2 shelter nights for a family of four is equivalent to a month’s rent for the same family.”
  • Closing their shelter and expanding “housing-focused services”, motel vouchers and “mobile advocacy” improved response to “under-served needs of survivors”
  • They have increased the number of housing options for survivors turned away from shelters
  • This new model takes away economic barriers that lead victims back to their abusers

Their challenges are here, as seen on the original slide:

Challenges - VOAOR Home Free at NAEH Annual Conference 2006

I think it is very interesting that they have closed their shelter and found that alternative housing options worked better for their clients. Their statements that communities understand the concept of shelters and that staff were skeptical seem to have foretold the debates in the comments section in my earlier post, Kids and Domestic/Relationship Violence.

I think we are so used to the ideas of shelters (and transition homes) that we have not really looked at other housing options that would separate abuse survivors and their abusers. Closing their shelter and increasing their other services were very brave moves for VOAOR.

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Change + Power and Control

I had a conversation with a friend and colleague who had recently left an abusive situation. We talked about what we could do to bring an end to domestic violence and what changes we needed to make as a society. She believes that in order to enact real and lasting change, the first step we need to take is to increase awareness of this issue. This revelation was the result of encounters with people who think that domestic violence no longer exists.

She then told me about the The Power and Control Wheel that detailed the methods that male abusers use to dominate their female partners. When I came home tonight, the first thing I did was to search for this wheel. I found it on the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador’s Violence Prevention Initiative website.

Wheel of Power and Control

The corresponding equality wheel found on the same site showed what healthy relationships based of equality and fairness should look like.

Equality Wheel
I told her about my tentative idea of lesson plans regarding healthy relationships, etc. and asked for her opinion. She said that she thought it was a good idea and that lasting change will take several generations. The way forward would be to educate children and show them what a healthy relationship should look like. She suggested that lesson plans based on this idea could be part of health or sex-ed classes.

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Domestic Violence Awareness in South Asian Communities

Abuse in immigrant families tends to not be talked about. Women in abusive situations tend not to go to the police. There is a language and cultural barrier. Victims do not know where to go. Sometimes, victims distrust authorities and the police, a feeling that originates from observations of abuse of power in their countries of origin.

In 2006, there were at least 3 high profile domestic violence cases in the Greater Vancouver area. “Gurjeet Ghuman was shot in the face by her estranged husband and left blind; married mother Navreet Kaur Waraich was stabbed to death; and the burned body of Manjit Panghali, also a married mom, was found along a Delta highway.”

In 2007, “Surrey mother Amanpreet Kaur Bahia was stabbed to death in her home and on the weekend, Vancouver resident Avtar Singh Grewal was charged with killing his wife Navneet Kaur in Phoenix.”

Domestic violence is not limited to that perpetuated against adult partners. Earlier this year, a father plead guilty to stabbing and beheading his 2.5 year old daughter. Apparently, he was depressed about losing his job and “that he had 3 daughters, but no son”.

The women of the South Asian community are speaking out and raising awareness about an issue that has been hidden for too long. I think this process is really innovative because among immigrant families, coming out and talking about violence is considered shameful. There’s a feeling of “you don’t air our dirty laundry in front of strangers”.

Last November, Langara College held a forum called “South Asian Women on Violence: Resisting & Speaking Out” designed to highlight domestic violence and think of ways to combat this problem. There have been other initiatives since, including rallies spearheaded by “South Asian Women Against Male Violence” group and the International Women’s Day event held at SFU by the “South Asian Family Association”.

I think it’s incredibly brave of these women to come out and talk about their experiences along with rallying others to support their cause. I also think that, with time, they have the potential to successfully change how domestic violence is viewed within the community. It’s one thing for strangers outside the community to come in and “lecture” and quite another for members of the community to say, “Enough. We need change.”

Other communities need to take their lead and do the same.

JAI Karauli in Rajasthan - busy street scene with women in colourful indian dress 3008x2000

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Law changes: steps in the right direction

Over the last few days, there have been (at least) 4 stories online about changes to domestic violence laws in 2 different American cities and 2 different American states.

This is especially timely as the recession has increased tensions at home and is now blamed for indirectly increasing the number of abuse victims.  According to the Boston Globe, Rhode Island alone has seen an increase of “25% in felony-level domestic violence crimes“.

Memphis, Oklahoma City, the states of Massachusetts and Mississippi are in the process of changing their laws to make it easier to prosecute abusers.

  • Memphis:  About 55% of violent crimes, including 15% of homicides are related to domestic violence.  Memphis is setting up a special Domestic Violence Court and is in the midst of setting up the Family Safety Center, designed to be “a concentrated safety net of services for women who want to escape their abusive situations”.
  • Oklahoma City:  The legal changes would make “a first offense of domestic abuse a felony when a “prior pattern of conduct” could be established”.
  • Massachusetts:  The Act to Protect and Enhance the Rights of Victims and Witnesses of Crime, a bill to provide added protection to victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse[,] has been filed”.   This bill is designed to increase victim rights and plug the holes that exist in previous legislature.
  • Mississippi:  The new changes are proposed to help make legal processes easier for victims to access and have cases of domestic violence progress more smoothly through the court system.

    These changes in the law are steps in the right direction.  However, trying to use a court order to fight off an abuser may not necessarily work.  There have been cases in the past of women who have obtained restraining orders, only to find that their abuser did not follow the rules set down in court.  There is also the concern that women who live in rural areas will not have access to legal and other services that can literally be the difference between life and death.

    Even in an ideal situation, I do not know how effective these new changes will be.  I think that we, as a society (in North America) need to alter our attitudes about domestic violence before real change can occur.  At the moment, it still seems like it’s “none of our business” what people do in their private lives — even if the result is a bruised and bloody domestic partner.

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    No Private Matter! Continued…

    As promised, soundbites from the No Private Matter! contest:

    Action India – Women, Law and Social Change
    About the organization: Based in New Delhi, India, Action India has been making safe places in impoverished communities for women to gather.

    The innovation: The Mahila Panchayat network system was designed to allow women to seek redress to grievances.  It has “mobilized women and community leaders to change their subordinate position in the family and move towards building more equal partnerships.” This system is highly effective as it involves the community and social pressure results in the resolution of conflicts between men and women.

    My thoughts: In a society highly concentrated on communities, this is an awesome innovation.  Men and women can work together to make things better and women won’t be ignored in a highly patriarchial society because “everyone will be watching”.

    Men for Gender Equality Now – Kenyan Men Betray Archaic Patriarchy
    About the organization: They (MEGEN) are a “Kenyan network of men working to end gender based violence and the spread of HIV/AIDS through prevention, service provision to the victims and awareness creation focusing on the role of men as agents of change.”

    The innovation: Survivor support activities -

    • MEGEN goes to homes of victims of gender-based violence
    • The victim is retrieved from the place of assault and the crime is reported to police
    • Referrals are made for “medical, legal, psychological assistance” and for a safe shelter in extreme cases

    Awareness campaigns -

    • activism (Men’s Traveling Conference)
    • delivery of “education, awareness, research and network building components in all the communities reached”

    My thoughts: Whenever the subject of gender-based violence is brought up, and the violence is perpetrated by men against women, it is very effective to have men start a peaceful conversation with other men.  Unfortunately, men sometimes think that women are not the most credible sources of information about this topic…and that women nag….

    Men Can Stop Rape (USA)
    About the organization: Men Can Stop Rape is “a national leader on engaging young men in gender violence prevention.”.  This organization reaches out to youths in Boys’ and Girls’ clubs and educational institutions, among others.

    The innovation:

    • “Mobilize male youth to prevent men’s violence against women”
    • “Inspire them to create their own positive definitions of masculinity, manhood, and strength; develop healthy relationships with others; embrace the concept of personal responsibility; work in partnership with female peers; and do their part to end violence and build safe communities”
    • “Redefine masculinity is unique – focus on defining and asserting positive masculinity for young men”

    My thoughts: As I mentioned for MEGEN, having men talk to other men can be really effective.  Even better if we start the conversation with young males who are constantly inundated with societal notions of what it means to “be a man”.

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    周杰倫: 爸,我回来了

    I wanted to use more media depictions of violence to add interest to the blog and not have it be just about studies and research groups. I am hoping that by doing this, the conversation gets opened up a bit more and individuals who may not feel comfortable discussing the topic of violence against women can still feel a sense of connection.

    ******

    Jay Chou (周杰倫) is a Taiwanese singer, composer, actor, director, and lots of other things…. His song, “爸,我回来了” which means “Dad, I’m back/home” is a particularly interesting song in that it is the first Chinese song to touch on the taboo (in Chinese culture) topic of domestic violence. The song is sung in both Mandarin and Hokkien. Looking at the YouTube comments, it looks like his song has touched the hearts of his listeners who grew up in homes with domestic violence.

    His lyrics express the song’s protagonist’s helplessness as a child (even now that he’s presumably an adult) whose father repeatedly hits his mother. The song also touches on ideas of filial piety, a distinctly Confucius Chinese concept, where it is expected that a child would respect and obey his or her parents. In the lyrics, Chou asks, “Mom always said to be good, listen to your dad.  You tell me, how can I be like you?

    As I watched the video, I realized that while concentrating on violence against women in North America, I had forgotten one essential part. The residents of North America have different backgrounds and come from different cultures. By talking about violence against “all” women, I have not sufficiently addressed these differences.

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    On the Ethnicities and Health of Victims of Violence (USA)

    I am taking a look at “Advancing the Federal Research Agenda on Violence against Women” report which was published in 2004 by The National Academies. The National Academies is an American organization that bills itself as composed of “Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine”.

    This report was based on the work of the 2002 National Research Council workshop designed to “develop a detailed research agenda on violence against women”.

    The report found a disturbing correlation between race and violence in the United States.

    • Asian women were more likely to be victimized in public spaces by “sober strangers or multiple offenders”
    • “White, African-American or Hispanic teenage girls” are more likely to be victimized than when they become “young adult women” and the risk of victimization decreases at the age of 60 or older
    • Having some college education without the possession of a degree appears to have a positive correlation with likelihood of violence against African-American or Hispanic women
    • Native American women were more likely to be victimized than any other group
    • African-American or Hispanic women living in public housing appear to be especially at risk
    • With the exception of Hispanic and Asian women, “living in the city, having more or younger children, or having low income appears to raise the risk of violence for all…women”.

    The report also found that many women who have experienced violence suffer from one or more of the following :

    • stress-related physical health and mental health problems
    • gynecological problems
    • neurological injuries
    • high-risk alcohol use
    • unwanted pregnancies

    Additionally, recipients of domestic abuse often experience one or more of the following:

    • insomnia
    • depression
    • post-traumatic disorder
    • panic disorder
    • substance abuse

    The report goes on to state that these “symptoms…can persist for years” after the end of abuse. Women who have suffered abuse were also 3 times more likely than women who have not been abused to suffer a mental illness.

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    Reflections on Violence and Gender

    Embarking on this project has made me look closer at what most people would rather look away from. A lot of my thoughts on violence have been influenced by my work with the SFU Women’s Centre and the study of feminist works. As a result, I see this topic through a particular lens which may not necessarily be shared among my readers. As women are generally physically smaller than men and we live in a patriarchal society that glorifies violence (movies, music, etc.), women bear the brunt of violent behaviors. Since women are also the primary caregivers for children, the children of victims of violence lose their innocence and become victims as well.

    For these reasons, I will be concentrating on violence with respects to gender in this blog. Women are disproportionately affected and I think that this is a cruel injustice to over half of our society members. Targeted gendered violence also affects those not included in this group. The fathers, brothers, uncles, grandfathers, husbands and sons of women who have experienced violence are affected as well. Many women who have been assaulted are more hesitant about forming close relationships with men. For my heterosexual male readers, if you meet someone you want to spend the rest of your life with but she has experienced sexual violence in the past, how do you gain her trust?

    Taking a look at how our society views gender may unlock a part of why violence against women still exists. You are probably aware that in North American society, gender is a very big deal. On government forms and the like, you generally have to tick a box for your gender. Male or female, but no other. We are uncomfortable with anything that implies we are not what we were physically born with. As a society, we impose strict, unwritten rules about how one is supposed to behave according to what our doctors write on a form at our birth. Break those rules, and you’re on your own.

    If you are male and you act in ways that society deems to be “feminine”, you are a “fag”, a “sissy”, a “mama’s boy” or worse. You may be assaulted and/or ostracized. If you are female and you act in ways that society deems to be “masculine”, then you are a “dyke”, “butch” or at best, a “tomboy”. Unfortunately, our society seems to be more comfortable with a woman who is more masculine than with a man who is more feminine, as defined by our unwritten rules.

    Music and movies reinforce these notions to the extreme. To make very general simplifications, according to mainstream media, you are not a man until you rescue a woman and shoot the crap out of your enemies. You are also not a man unless you’ve got “your woman” listening to you and obeying your demands. As for women, you are not a woman unless you are beautiful and helpless. Given that we are influenced by sources that (are reflections of society values and) glorify violence and gender roles, is it any wonder that violence against women still exists?

    I am personally invested in trying to find a solution for this social problem as I do not want to become one of over 1/3 of Canadian women who have suffered abuse. I do not want my sisters, mother, aunts, girlfriends, coworkers and classmates to ever add to this statistic. Similarly, I do not want my male acquaintances to feel helpless and not know what to do because a woman in their life has been brutally assaulted. Like the stereotypical answer of beauty pageant contestants, I want world peace. However, I think that before we look at the rest of the world, we need to look at what’s going on in our own backyard and attack a problem that is less visible than drug abuse or homelessness.

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    inov8.ca + Donations

    Last night, I posted a link and the general idea of what this blog is about on inov8.ca. Inov8.ca is a forum for SFU students to discuss what they feel are the most important social issues facing our generation. There are a lot of really great posts about drug abuse, homelessness, waste, poverty, etc. Take a look, comment, vote and add your own issue!

    On an unrelated note, as I was compiling my page of “Resources”, I noticed that the WISH Drop-In Centre and the Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre are especially in need of donations.

    The WISH Drop-In Centre is a non-profit organization run by women that provides a number of services to survival sex-trade workers. They offer hot meals, showering facilities and hygiene items, among other things. The centre also provides “on-site nursing care, referrals to detoxification centres, rehabilitation houses, and shelters”.

    The WISH Drop-In Centre Wish List:

    • Underwear, socks, tights and pantyhose
    • Makeup and toiletries (new and used)
    • Toothbrushes, toothpaste and mouthwash
    • Season-appropriate clothing
    • Coats, hats and gloves
    • Shoes and boots
    • Bedding and towels

    The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre is a safe place for women and children in Vancouver’s DTES. They provide women, children and seniors with “hot meals, phone and computer access, functioning and secure toilets and showers”. They also provide “feminine hygiene products, first aid [and] toiletries” among other things.

    It’s one of those things I’ve never really thought about but…if you’re destitute and living on the street, how do you obtain tampons and pads?

    The Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre “appeal for in-kind donations”:

    • dinner plates (dire need!)
    • cups & mugs (dire need!)
    • bowls
    • blankets
    • linens
    • laundry soap
    • towels and washcloths
    • women’s clothing
    • footwear(athletic, dress, steel-toed boots )
    • outdoor wear (esp. rain gear)
    • socks, underwear (new & gently used)

    If you have any of these items lying around, unused, please consider donating them to these organizations. Above each list, I’ve included the links to the websites with information on how to donate.

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    So….what can we do? How can we end this?

    My previous posts have all dealt with what exactly is thought of as violence against women, the statistics involved, links to organizations, celebrity anti-violence PSAs, etc. So? What can we do about it? This issue has been a social problem for so long that I fear there isn’t a simple, cut-and-dry method to resolve it. However, if we each think about it and talk to one another, perhaps we could find a way.

    After working with the women’s centre on campus, thinking about the issue and doing research for this blog, I’ve started thinking about a few things…

    - More public awareness is needed. My understanding is that some people think that violence against women is no longer an issue.

    PSA

    - Can we teach students about positive relationships? Can we teach them how to give consent and feel that it is okay to say NO to unsafe situations? Can we give them the tools so that if they or their loved ones are in a dangerous situation, they know what to do? It seems that, for lasting change, we need to work with our future leaders.

    http://psychservices.ucsd.edu/resources_students_web/resources_students_images/resources_students_home.jpg

    - We need to take a look at how our society views gender. What does it mean to be a man? What does it mean to be a woman? If, as a man, you don’t keep your girlfriend “in line”, does it mean you’re less masculine? In fact, what IS masculinity? Femininity?

    gender

    - Can we help train the most vulnerable women in our society in self defense and provide tools for them to be empowered?

    martial arts

    This is what I have been mulling over in my head these last few days and I’d like to know what you think. Are these achievable? How can they be improved?

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